Main Article - Nov, 2004
A FEW POINTS ON PROCUREMENT AND CONDEMNATION OF VEHICLES
By
P. Kanthaswamy, Technical Officer, CSIR, New Delhi
The Govt. Departments can purchase new vehicles in replacement of maturely and prematurely condemned vehicles in consultation with their Financial Adviser, provided:
i) the vehicle is replaced with a fuel efficient vehicle of the same category. Category do mean the same type of vehicle in terms of horse power, capacity, class to which the vehicle belongs, etc.
ii) a specific provision has been made for the replacement of the vehicle in budget during the year without resorting to any re-appropriation.
The Govt. of India have included following vehicles in the list of approved models in AC category staff car for being used only by the Ministers and Officers of the level of Secretary and above to the GoI: Premier Padmini, Maruti 800, Maruti Vans (with high/flat roofs), Maruti Gypsy, Premier NE 118 and Ambassador ISZ-1800, Maruti Esteem VX (MPI) and Tata Indigo GLX.
The following new models in the Non-AC category have also been included in the list of approved staff cars: Maruti Wagon R Std., Maruti Zen Std., Maruti Alto STD., Ambassador Classic 2.0 DSZ, Indica DL V2 (BS II), Indica LIV2 (BS II) and Tata Indigo Diesel.
These vehicles are to be purchased through DGS&D Rate Contract for being used only.
Govt. Departments, are not allowed to purchase models like Santro, Fiat Uno, Toyota Qualis, etc. as they are not in the approved category of models for staff cars.
The Directors of National Labs./Instts. have been delegated, inter alia, with the following powers:
1. a) Replacement of duly condemned motor vehicles - Full power - the condemned vehicle should be disposed off within a period of 3 months after following the prescribed procedure.
b) Writing off of a condemned motor vehicle satisfying the life requirement in terms of distance run and length of use - Full power - subject to condemnation of vehicle by one of the prescribed authorities and vehicle having been disposed off in accordance with the prescribed procedure.
2. a) Writing off of irrecoverable loss of stores or of public money not due to theft or negligence -Up to Rs.20,000/-
b) Writing off of irrecoverable loss of stores or of public money in cases other than at (a) above - Up to Rs.10,000/-
3. Writing off of obsolete surplus and unserviceable stores - Up to Rs.50,000/-
All the above powers have to be exercised after following prescribed procedures and conditions governing such action.
In terms of GoI/CSIR Orders on the subject, both condemned and prematurely condemned vehicles are to be disposed of as per the prescribed procedure within a period of 3 months from the date of placing of an order with the manufacturer for replacement of vehicle.
Rule 41 of the Staff Car Rules stands substituted as follows:
"41. The Ministries/Departments may get their Staff car serviced/repaired at the authorised service stations of the manufacturers of the cars at their discretion. Ministries/Departments which wish to utilize the services of the Electrical and Mechanical Workshop, National Airports Authority for servicing/ repairs of their staff cars, can also continue to do so. The work of testing of drivers and condemnation of vehicles will, however, be done by the Electrical and Mechanical Workshop, Airports Authority of India on payment of a fee prescribed by them for this purpose."
In Schedule VI to the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1978, against the entry relating to condemnation of motor vehicles, etc. under column 3, para (a) under Type of Vehicles, the following shall be substituted:
i) Heavy Commercial Motor vehicles 4,00,000 Km. - 10 years - instead of 3,00,000 Km and 8 years
ii) Motor vehicles fitted with engines up to 20 HP (RAC*) - 2,00,000 Km. - 8 years - instead of 1,50,000 Km
NB: Subsequently revised as 1,50,000 Km and 6 ½ years
RAC: Stands for Royal Automobile Club
iii) Motor cycles fitted with engines of 3.5 HP (RAC) or above 1,20,000 Km. - 7 years (instead of 80,000 Km and 5 years)
iv) Motor cycles fitted with engines of less than 3.5 HP (RAC) 1,20,000 Km. - 6 years (instead of 60,000 Km. and 5 years)
Other items shall have the same conditions as laid therein.
Calculation of terms such as HP, RAC, etc. are explained in the foregoing paragraphs.
Of late, the Expenditure Reforms Commission of staff cars (10th Report, Pt.VII, para 7.46) covering certain significant issues in the management of Non-Plan Expenditure” has recommended that:
“The present system of Govt. owning cars and employing regular drivers who are full time Govt. servants leads to excessive expenditure by way of maintenance and repair charges, salary perquisites, pension, etc. compared to the cost of hiring vehicles. Purchase of new cars may therefore be banned; as and when old cars are condemned the requirements as far as officials are concerned be met by taking cars on hire. In fact, informal studies show that other allowances of drivers, etc. are factored in, it would be more economical to hire vehicles.”
Over a question as to how to get the Horsepower in RAC Rating, it may be stated that generally the power output of Engine is given in BHP, KW and P.S.
BHP = Brake Horse Power - One Horse Power: 746 Watts
PS = Pferdestärke ( 1.0 PS= 0.9863 HP - 735.5 Watts) used by Japan
In common parlance in Germany and other European countries 1.0 KW means 1.34 HP – 1000 Watts.
RAC Horse Power
Between 1922 and 1947, the Royal Automobile Club used a horsepower rating that was the basis for assessing tax on automobiles. The horsepower of an engine was determined by multiplying the square of the cylinder diameter in inches by the number of cylinders and then dividing that figure by 2.5.
Horsepower (RAC) = (D² x n)/ 2.5
Where: D = Bore size in inches, n = Number of cylinders
In order to calculate the Horsepower in RAC rating, we need to know the bore size and number of cylinders which can be known from the technical data of the manual of the vehicle.
Conversion of RAC Horsepower
Ambassador 1800 Isuzu Engine: For this engine, the technical data are given like this:
Bore … 84 mm
Stroke … 82 mm
Piston Displacement .. 1,817 CC
Output (DIN 700020) at 5000 RPM
P.S. ... 75.0
K.W. .. … 55.2
Torque at .. … 3000 RPM
13.8 Kg-m
130 NM
(Newton-Metre)
Ambassador 1800 Isuzu MPFI Engine:
Model and Type
- Four cycle, water cooled SOHC,
MPFI
Bore ... 84 mm
Stroke ... 82 mm
Piston Displacement 1,817 CC
Max. Power (BHP) .. 84 @ 5000 RPM
Max. Torque (Kg-m) .. 14.0 @ 3000
RPM
As we are aware that the number of cylinders is four in Ambassador car, we can calculate the Horse Power in RAC rating as follows:
From the above data the bore size 84mm:
- 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Therefore, Bore in inches (D) is:
- 84/25.4 = 3.307
No. of Cylinders .. 4
Horsepower in RAC rating is:
(3.307²x4)/2.5= 17.49
This way Horsepower in RAC rating of any engine can be calculated.
References
1. GoI MF OM No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 11-12-2003; Swamysnews, Aug. 2004, 35
2. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 27-11-2003
3. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 24-7-2003
4. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 11-12-2003
5. CSIR Lr.No.1(6)/97-Finance dt.9-4-2002.
6. GoI MF OM No.7(4)E.Co-Ord./2000 dt. 10-10-2001; Swamysnews, Jan. 2002, 58-9
7. CSIR Lr.No.101(1)/98-R&I dt. 4-4-2001
8. GoI MF DoE OM No. 21(3)E-Coord./9 dt. 16-11-1999; CSIR Endt.No.1(6)/92- Finance dt. 14-12-1999
9. GoI MF OM No. F.3(5)-E.II(A)/92 dt. 8-9-1993; Swamysnews, Nov.1993, 563
10. GoI MoF (DoE) Notfn. No. F.1(21) E.II (A)/90 dt. 21-5-1993; CSIR Endt. No.31(4)93-Gen. dated 25-10-1993
___________
ATTITUDE
By
P. Kanthaswamy, Technical Officer, CSIR, New Delhi
The Govt. Departments can purchase new vehicles in replacement of maturely and prematurely condemned vehicles in consultation with their Financial Adviser, provided:
i) the vehicle is replaced with a fuel efficient vehicle of the same category. Category do mean the same type of vehicle in terms of horse power, capacity, class to which the vehicle belongs, etc.
ii) a specific provision has been made for the replacement of the vehicle in budget during the year without resorting to any re-appropriation.
The Govt. of India have included following vehicles in the list of approved models in AC category staff car for being used only by the Ministers and Officers of the level of Secretary and above to the GoI: Premier Padmini, Maruti 800, Maruti Vans (with high/flat roofs), Maruti Gypsy, Premier NE 118 and Ambassador ISZ-1800, Maruti Esteem VX (MPI) and Tata Indigo GLX.
The following new models in the Non-AC category have also been included in the list of approved staff cars: Maruti Wagon R Std., Maruti Zen Std., Maruti Alto STD., Ambassador Classic 2.0 DSZ, Indica DL V2 (BS II), Indica LIV2 (BS II) and Tata Indigo Diesel.
These vehicles are to be purchased through DGS&D Rate Contract for being used only.
Govt. Departments, are not allowed to purchase models like Santro, Fiat Uno, Toyota Qualis, etc. as they are not in the approved category of models for staff cars.
The Directors of National Labs./Instts. have been delegated, inter alia, with the following powers:
1. a) Replacement of duly condemned motor vehicles - Full power - the condemned vehicle should be disposed off within a period of 3 months after following the prescribed procedure.
b) Writing off of a condemned motor vehicle satisfying the life requirement in terms of distance run and length of use - Full power - subject to condemnation of vehicle by one of the prescribed authorities and vehicle having been disposed off in accordance with the prescribed procedure.
2. a) Writing off of irrecoverable loss of stores or of public money not due to theft or negligence -Up to Rs.20,000/-
b) Writing off of irrecoverable loss of stores or of public money in cases other than at (a) above - Up to Rs.10,000/-
3. Writing off of obsolete surplus and unserviceable stores - Up to Rs.50,000/-
All the above powers have to be exercised after following prescribed procedures and conditions governing such action.
In terms of GoI/CSIR Orders on the subject, both condemned and prematurely condemned vehicles are to be disposed of as per the prescribed procedure within a period of 3 months from the date of placing of an order with the manufacturer for replacement of vehicle.
Rule 41 of the Staff Car Rules stands substituted as follows:
"41. The Ministries/Departments may get their Staff car serviced/repaired at the authorised service stations of the manufacturers of the cars at their discretion. Ministries/Departments which wish to utilize the services of the Electrical and Mechanical Workshop, National Airports Authority for servicing/ repairs of their staff cars, can also continue to do so. The work of testing of drivers and condemnation of vehicles will, however, be done by the Electrical and Mechanical Workshop, Airports Authority of India on payment of a fee prescribed by them for this purpose."
In Schedule VI to the Delegation of Financial Powers Rules, 1978, against the entry relating to condemnation of motor vehicles, etc. under column 3, para (a) under Type of Vehicles, the following shall be substituted:
i) Heavy Commercial Motor vehicles 4,00,000 Km. - 10 years - instead of 3,00,000 Km and 8 years
ii) Motor vehicles fitted with engines up to 20 HP (RAC*) - 2,00,000 Km. - 8 years - instead of 1,50,000 Km
NB: Subsequently revised as 1,50,000 Km and 6 ½ years
RAC: Stands for Royal Automobile Club
iii) Motor cycles fitted with engines of 3.5 HP (RAC) or above 1,20,000 Km. - 7 years (instead of 80,000 Km and 5 years)
iv) Motor cycles fitted with engines of less than 3.5 HP (RAC) 1,20,000 Km. - 6 years (instead of 60,000 Km. and 5 years)
Other items shall have the same conditions as laid therein.
Calculation of terms such as HP, RAC, etc. are explained in the foregoing paragraphs.
Of late, the Expenditure Reforms Commission of staff cars (10th Report, Pt.VII, para 7.46) covering certain significant issues in the management of Non-Plan Expenditure” has recommended that:
“The present system of Govt. owning cars and employing regular drivers who are full time Govt. servants leads to excessive expenditure by way of maintenance and repair charges, salary perquisites, pension, etc. compared to the cost of hiring vehicles. Purchase of new cars may therefore be banned; as and when old cars are condemned the requirements as far as officials are concerned be met by taking cars on hire. In fact, informal studies show that other allowances of drivers, etc. are factored in, it would be more economical to hire vehicles.”
Over a question as to how to get the Horsepower in RAC Rating, it may be stated that generally the power output of Engine is given in BHP, KW and P.S.
BHP = Brake Horse Power - One Horse Power: 746 Watts
PS = Pferdestärke ( 1.0 PS= 0.9863 HP - 735.5 Watts) used by Japan
In common parlance in Germany and other European countries 1.0 KW means 1.34 HP – 1000 Watts.
RAC Horse Power
Between 1922 and 1947, the Royal Automobile Club used a horsepower rating that was the basis for assessing tax on automobiles. The horsepower of an engine was determined by multiplying the square of the cylinder diameter in inches by the number of cylinders and then dividing that figure by 2.5.
Horsepower (RAC) = (D² x n)/ 2.5
Where: D = Bore size in inches, n = Number of cylinders
In order to calculate the Horsepower in RAC rating, we need to know the bore size and number of cylinders which can be known from the technical data of the manual of the vehicle.
Conversion of RAC Horsepower
Ambassador 1800 Isuzu Engine: For this engine, the technical data are given like this:
Bore … 84 mm
Stroke … 82 mm
Piston Displacement .. 1,817 CC
Output (DIN 700020) at 5000 RPM
P.S. ... 75.0
K.W. .. … 55.2
Torque at .. … 3000 RPM
13.8 Kg-m
130 NM
(Newton-Metre)
Ambassador 1800 Isuzu MPFI Engine:
Model and Type
- Four cycle, water cooled SOHC,
MPFI
Bore ... 84 mm
Stroke ... 82 mm
Piston Displacement 1,817 CC
Max. Power (BHP) .. 84 @ 5000 RPM
Max. Torque (Kg-m) .. 14.0 @ 3000
RPM
As we are aware that the number of cylinders is four in Ambassador car, we can calculate the Horse Power in RAC rating as follows:
From the above data the bore size 84mm:
- 1 inch = 25.4 mm
Therefore, Bore in inches (D) is:
- 84/25.4 = 3.307
No. of Cylinders .. 4
Horsepower in RAC rating is:
(3.307²x4)/2.5= 17.49
This way Horsepower in RAC rating of any engine can be calculated.
References
1. GoI MF OM No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 11-12-2003; Swamysnews, Aug. 2004, 35
2. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 27-11-2003
3. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 24-7-2003
4. GoI MF (DoE) O.M.No.3(4)/E.II(A)/99 dt. 11-12-2003
5. CSIR Lr.No.1(6)/97-Finance dt.9-4-2002.
6. GoI MF OM No.7(4)E.Co-Ord./2000 dt. 10-10-2001; Swamysnews, Jan. 2002, 58-9
7. CSIR Lr.No.101(1)/98-R&I dt. 4-4-2001
8. GoI MF DoE OM No. 21(3)E-Coord./9 dt. 16-11-1999; CSIR Endt.No.1(6)/92- Finance dt. 14-12-1999
9. GoI MF OM No. F.3(5)-E.II(A)/92 dt. 8-9-1993; Swamysnews, Nov.1993, 563
10. GoI MoF (DoE) Notfn. No. F.1(21) E.II (A)/90 dt. 21-5-1993; CSIR Endt. No.31(4)93-Gen. dated 25-10-1993
___________
ATTITUDE
By
K.R. Sarma, Sr. Dy. Secretary (Retd.), CSIR, Hyderabad
Life in general and particularly in occupation becomes what we make of it. It is not the financial background or the social background or the education or the physique or good circle or the lack of that, which runs our river of life. They are no doubt needed but it is the attitude which transforms all our possessions and our life into a thing of pleasure.
Attitude is the artistic skill. Like the flutist who makes music out of nothing but wind, the attitude artist makes moments of ‘true joy’ out of nothing but circumstances which are common.
Attitude is that life-thing which acts like the enzymes in our digestion system or any other biological activity.
George Bernard Shaw gives us a beautiful description of attitude towards life as follows:
“This is the true joy in life -- that being used for a purpose recognized by yourself as a mighty one; that being a force of nature, in stead of a feverish, selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy”.
Factors which determine attitude
Environment
Environment could be identified with any thing -- Home, School, Work, Media, Cultural background, Religious background, Traditions and belief, Social environment, Political environment.
In a positive environment, a marginal performer’s out-put goes up and in a negative environment a good performer’s output goes down.
Experience & Education
Abraham Lincoln makes a beautiful narration of positive attitude:
1. Readiness to be on an adventure, with faith and love and courage; not scared of wars or tragedies
2. Willingness to recognize the diversity of human nature; all may not be just or true; there are heroes and there are scoundrels; there are enemies and there are friends
3. Keenness to enjoy the wonder of books
4. Keenness to appreciate nature
5. Believing that it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat; never putting a price-tag on his heart and soul
6. Believing in his own ideas (if he has clearly identified them to be good), careful not to follow the crowd; careful to close his ears on the howling mob and to stand and fight for what he believes as right.
7. Care to listen to others but to filter all that he hears on a screen of truth.
The “Saptapadhi” of Attitude
1. Believe in your potential of talents. Draw inspiration from legends like Thomas Edison and Abraham Lincoln. Sharpen your axe.
2. Have passion of belonging to where you are. That strengthens your loyalty and that inspires you to full enthusiastic achievements.
3 Believe in inter-dependence. Have positive outlook towards people; understand the people and then they will understand you; volunteer to provide help and support. Respect them. That draws people and their loyalty to you. Being with them gives you new ideas.
4. Believe in winning from changes .
5 Be clear in what you believe is correct. Avoid regrets for action. Avoid expressions like -- “it might have been”, “I should have”, “I could have”, “I wish I had”, “If only I had given extra“, etc.
6. Stay away from negative influences
7 Display gratitude
Why positive attitude is necessary ?
Positive attitude:
- increases productivity, and thus your value
- Breeds loyalty
- Fosters better relationships
- Facilitates solutions
- Reduces stress
- Traits of people with negative attitude
Forget their blessings and count their troubles. Believe that the sun shines only to cast shadows. Not only expect the worst but make the worst of whatever happens.
Stop sleeping in bed when they hear that most people die in bed than anywhere else. Always turn out the light to see how dark it is. Spend most of the life at complaint counters. Believe that the grass on the other side is always greener. Complain noise when opportunity knocks; Feel bad when they feel good, for fear they will feel worse when they feel better. Attitude is a choice. It is your choice irrespective of what is a situation .Situation does not affect your choice, if you are committed to the choice.
Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam prompts every one: “Desire, when it stems from the heart and spirit, when it is pure and intense, possesses awesome electromagnetic energy.”
K.R. Sarma, Sr. Dy. Secretary (Retd.), CSIR, Hyderabad
Life in general and particularly in occupation becomes what we make of it. It is not the financial background or the social background or the education or the physique or good circle or the lack of that, which runs our river of life. They are no doubt needed but it is the attitude which transforms all our possessions and our life into a thing of pleasure.
Attitude is the artistic skill. Like the flutist who makes music out of nothing but wind, the attitude artist makes moments of ‘true joy’ out of nothing but circumstances which are common.
Attitude is that life-thing which acts like the enzymes in our digestion system or any other biological activity.
George Bernard Shaw gives us a beautiful description of attitude towards life as follows:
“This is the true joy in life -- that being used for a purpose recognized by yourself as a mighty one; that being a force of nature, in stead of a feverish, selfish little clod of ailments and grievances complaining that the world will not devote itself to making you happy”.
Factors which determine attitude
Environment
Environment could be identified with any thing -- Home, School, Work, Media, Cultural background, Religious background, Traditions and belief, Social environment, Political environment.
In a positive environment, a marginal performer’s out-put goes up and in a negative environment a good performer’s output goes down.
Experience & Education
Abraham Lincoln makes a beautiful narration of positive attitude:
1. Readiness to be on an adventure, with faith and love and courage; not scared of wars or tragedies
2. Willingness to recognize the diversity of human nature; all may not be just or true; there are heroes and there are scoundrels; there are enemies and there are friends
3. Keenness to enjoy the wonder of books
4. Keenness to appreciate nature
5. Believing that it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat; never putting a price-tag on his heart and soul
6. Believing in his own ideas (if he has clearly identified them to be good), careful not to follow the crowd; careful to close his ears on the howling mob and to stand and fight for what he believes as right.
7. Care to listen to others but to filter all that he hears on a screen of truth.
The “Saptapadhi” of Attitude
1. Believe in your potential of talents. Draw inspiration from legends like Thomas Edison and Abraham Lincoln. Sharpen your axe.
2. Have passion of belonging to where you are. That strengthens your loyalty and that inspires you to full enthusiastic achievements.
3 Believe in inter-dependence. Have positive outlook towards people; understand the people and then they will understand you; volunteer to provide help and support. Respect them. That draws people and their loyalty to you. Being with them gives you new ideas.
4. Believe in winning from changes .
5 Be clear in what you believe is correct. Avoid regrets for action. Avoid expressions like -- “it might have been”, “I should have”, “I could have”, “I wish I had”, “If only I had given extra“, etc.
6. Stay away from negative influences
7 Display gratitude
Why positive attitude is necessary ?
Positive attitude:
- increases productivity, and thus your value
- Breeds loyalty
- Fosters better relationships
- Facilitates solutions
- Reduces stress
- Traits of people with negative attitude
Forget their blessings and count their troubles. Believe that the sun shines only to cast shadows. Not only expect the worst but make the worst of whatever happens.
Stop sleeping in bed when they hear that most people die in bed than anywhere else. Always turn out the light to see how dark it is. Spend most of the life at complaint counters. Believe that the grass on the other side is always greener. Complain noise when opportunity knocks; Feel bad when they feel good, for fear they will feel worse when they feel better. Attitude is a choice. It is your choice irrespective of what is a situation .Situation does not affect your choice, if you are committed to the choice.
Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam prompts every one: “Desire, when it stems from the heart and spirit, when it is pure and intense, possesses awesome electromagnetic energy.”
